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2“Assemble and listen, sons of Jacob;
listen to your father Israel.

3“Reuben, you are my firstborn,
my might, the first sign of my strength,
excelling in honor, excelling in power.

4Turbulent as the waters, you will no longer excel,
for you went up onto your father's bed,
onto my couch and defiled it.

5“Simeon and Levi are brothers—
their swordsThe meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain. are weapons of violence.

6Let me not enter their council,
let me not join their assembly,
for they have killed men in their anger
and hamstrung oxen as they pleased.

7Cursed be their anger, so fierce,
and their fury, so cruel!
I will scatter them in Jacob
and disperse them in Israel.

8“Judah,Judah sounds like and may be derived from the Hebrew for praise. your brothers will praise you;
your hand will be on the neck of your enemies;
your father's sons will bow down to you.

9You are a lion's cub, O Judah;
you return from the prey, my son.
Like a lion he crouches and lies down,
like a lioness—who dares to rouse him?

10The scepter will not depart from Judah,
nor the ruler's staff from between his feet,
until he comes to whom it belongsOr until Shiloh comes; or until he comes to whom tribute belongs
and the obedience of the nations is his.

11He will tether his donkey to a vine,
his colt to the choicest branch;
he will wash his garments in wine,
his robes in the blood of grapes.

12His eyes will be darker than wine,
his teeth whiter than milk.Or will be dull from wine, / his teeth white from milk

13“Zebulun will live by the seashore
and become a haven for ships;
his border will extend toward Sidon.

14“Issachar is a rawbonedOr strong donkey
lying down between two saddlebags.Or campfires

15When he sees how good is his resting place
and how pleasant is his land,
he will bend his shoulder to the burden
and submit to forced labor.

16“DanDan here means he provides justice. will provide justice for his people
as one of the tribes of Israel.

17Dan will be a serpent by the roadside,
a viper along the path,
that bites the horse's heels
so that its rider tumbles backward.

20“Asher's food will be rich;
he will provide delicacies fit for a king.

21“Naphtali is a doe set free
that bears beautiful fawns.Or free; / he utters beautiful words

22“Joseph is a fruitful vine,
a fruitful vine near a spring,
whose branches climb over a wall.Or Joseph is a wild colt, / a wild colt near a spring, / a wild donkey on a terraced hill

23With bitterness archers attacked him;
they shot at him with hostility.

24But his bow remained steady,
his strong arms stayedOr archers will attack … will shoot … will remain … will stay limber,
because of the hand of the Mighty One of Jacob,
because of the Shepherd, the Rock of Israel,

25because of your father's God, who helps you,
because of the Almighty,Hebrew Shaddai who blesses you
with blessings of the heavens above,
blessings of the deep that lies below,
blessings of the breast and womb.

26Your father's blessings are greater
than the blessings of the ancient mountains,
thanOr of my progenitors, / as great as the bounty of the age-old hills.
Let all these rest on the head of Joseph,
on the brow of the prince amongOr the one separated from his brothers.

27“Benjamin is a ravenous wolf;
in the morning he devours the prey,
in the evening he divides the plunder.”

28All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and this is what their father said to them when he blessed them, giving each the blessing appropriate to him.